Which substances are responsible for causing allergic reactions in certain individuals?

Allergens are specific substances that trigger an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. These substances can include a wide range of materials, such as pollen, pet dander, certain foods, and medications. When a person who is allergic to a particular allergen is exposed to it, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as a harmful agent. This leads to the production of antibodies, particularly Immunoglobulin E (IgE), which facilitate the release of histamines and other chemicals that cause the symptoms associated with allergic reactions.

Understanding the role of allergens is essential in the context of managing allergies and anaphylaxis in emergency situations. Recognizing the specific allergens that provoke reactions can help EMTs and healthcare providers to take appropriate measures, such as removing the patient from contact with the allergen and administering necessary medications like antihistamines or epinephrine.