Which patient is most at risk for exercise-associated hyponatremia?

The patient most at risk for exercise-associated hyponatremia is an 18-year-old female hiker. This condition occurs when there is an imbalance between water intake and sodium levels in the body, often resulting from excessive ingestion of water during prolonged exercise.

In the case of hiking, the duration and exertion involved can lead to significant sweating and fluid loss, as well as difficult conditions that may encourage the hiker to consume large amounts of water without adequate electrolyte replacement. Young individuals, particularly females, may be at greater risk due to physiological factors and the tendency to follow hydration practices that may not prioritize electrolyte balance.

Engaging in prolonged, intense physical activity without replenishing sodium can easily lead to hyponatremia, especially in an outdoor setting like hiking where natural conditions may vary. Thus, the nature of the activity, combined with the potential for high water consumption and lower electrolyte intake, makes this patient particularly susceptible to the condition.