Which of these is an accurate statement regarding exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH)?

Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, often occurring in endurance athletes who consume excessive amounts of water or fluids without adequate sodium replacement. Water readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, which is significant because in cases of hyponatremia, the osmotic balance in the brain can be disrupted. This can lead to cellular swelling, increased intracranial pressure, and potentially serious neurological complications.

When EAH occurs, the excessive dilution of sodium in the bloodstream can create conditions that alter the osmotic balance within the brain, leading to symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or even coma. Understanding that water crosses the blood-brain barrier helps clarify the mechanisms behind the symptoms and complications associated with EAH. This physiological fact underscores the importance of maintaining electrolyte balance during prolonged physical exertion, making it crucial information for emergency medical technicians and healthcare providers.