Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with severe mood swings and energy levels?

Bipolar disorder is characterized by significant mood swings that can range from depressive lows to manic highs. This not only affects mood but also energy levels, leading to periods of high energy and activity during manic phases, contrasted with low energy and motivation during depressive phases. Individuals may experience these fluctuations in mood and energy in ways that disrupt daily functioning and relationships.

The distinction of bipolar disorder often lies in the severity and duration of these mood episodes. While other conditions like schizophrenia, adjustment disorders, and personality disorders can involve emotional dysregulation or mood changes, they do not typically encapsulate the extreme and cyclical nature of mood swings found in bipolar disorder. For example, schizophrenia is primarily marked by symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations rather than mood variations, whereas adjustment disorders are typically linked to specific life changes and may not result in the pervasive mood swings evident in bipolar disorder. Personality disorders can involve emotional instability but do not follow the same episodic pattern seen in bipolar illness.