What serious systemic reaction can occur after an insect sting?

Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that can occur after an insect sting, particularly from stinging insects like bees or wasps. This reaction can develop rapidly, often within minutes of the sting, and is characterized by a range of symptoms affecting multiple organ systems.

The body's immune system overreacts to the venom injected by the insect, releasing a flood of chemicals including histamines. This can lead to symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat and tongue, hives, a rapid drop in blood pressure, and even loss of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is critical, as anaphylaxis can progress quickly and may require interventions such as the administration of epinephrine, oxygen, and intravenous fluids.

In contrast, other listed reactions have different mechanisms and implications. Swelling at the site is a localized reaction and typically not life-threatening. Hyperthermia refers to an abnormally high body temperature, often from external factors rather than a direct response to insect venom. Necrosis, which involves the death of body tissue, can occur in various contexts but is less directly associated with insect stings compared to anaphylaxis.