What mechanism does naloxone use to reverse an opioid overdose?

Naloxone reverses an opioid overdose primarily through its action of binding with opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Opioids exert their effects by attaching to specific receptors, primarily the mu-opioid receptors, which can lead to respiratory depression, sedation, and potentially life-threatening effects such as overdose. Naloxone, as an opioid antagonist, competes with opioids for binding to these receptors. When naloxone successfully binds to the receptors, it displaces the opioid molecules, thereby reversing the effects of the overdose, including restoring normal respiratory function.

Given this mechanism of action, it directly addresses the life-threatening complications associated with opioid overdose by reversing the central nervous system depression caused by opioids, allowing the individual to breathe normally again. This action is immediate, making naloxone a critical intervention in emergency situations involving opioid overdoses.