What is the primary mechanism by which activated charcoal works in cases of poisoning?

Activated charcoal works primarily through the process of adsorption, which is the ability of the charcoal to bind to certain substances, including toxins and drugs, within the gastrointestinal tract. When activated charcoal is administered in cases of poisoning, it attaches itself to the poison, preventing the toxin from being absorbed into the bloodstream. This mechanism significantly reduces the systemic effects of the poison, which can help mitigate the severity of the poisoning and aid in the patient's recovery.

The effectiveness of activated charcoal relies on its large surface area, as it is highly porous. This characteristic allows it to adsorb a wide variety of toxins, making it a valuable tool in emergency medicine for specific types of poisoning. Unlike inducing vomiting or acting as a laxative, which may also have a role in the management of some poisoning cases, adsorbing the poison directly in the gastrointestinal lumen is a key component of its therapeutic action. This method avoids the risks associated with vomiting and further gastrointestinal motility issues, offering a safer alternative in many situations.