What is likely the cause of altered mental status in a patient who took insulin but missed breakfast?

The cause of altered mental status in a patient who took insulin but missed breakfast is likely hypoglycemia. When a person with diabetes administers insulin without subsequently consuming food, there is a risk of their blood sugar levels dropping too low. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, and when it is taken without the necessary intake of carbohydrates, this can lead to a state of hypoglycemia.

In this scenario, the patient has enough insulin in their system to facilitate glucose uptake into the cells but lacks the dietary glucose that would normally provide fuel for energy. The brain is particularly sensitive to changes in glucose levels, as it relies heavily on glucose as its primary energy source. Therefore, when blood sugar levels fall, it can result in symptoms such as confusion, altered mental status, dizziness, sweating, and even loss of consciousness.

Recognizing these signs is crucial for timely intervention, as hypoglycemia can lead to more severe complications if not addressed promptly.