Sickle cell anemia primarily affects which population?

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder that primarily affects individuals of African descent. This condition is most prevalent among African Americans, with about 1 in 365 African American births being affected by the disease. It occurs due to a mutation in the hemoglobin gene that leads to distorted (sickle-shaped) red blood cells that can cause various complications including pain crises, anemia, and increased risk of infections.

While the condition can occur in other populations, such as people of Mediterranean, Indian, or Middle Eastern descent, it is widely recognized to be most prevalent in individuals of African heritage. Understanding the population most affected by sickle cell anemia is important not only for awareness and education but also for targeted screening and healthcare interventions within those communities.